Lacking in Existing Communication System of Grameen Phone free essay sample

Lacking in the existing communication policy There is now organization without any kind of lacking in their communication policy. There must be certain issues which create problem among the departments and teams. As we have already mentioned and described the existing communication policy, so we also need to share the lacking in these communication policies. Grameen Phone is always working hard to overcome this communication gap, but new and new technologies and its features again start to create gap between the departments and even in the single team management. Moreover, there is now organization without any kind of lacking in their communication policy. There must be certain issues which create problem among the departments and teams. So following issues we found creating problem and might create problem in the near future. Communication Gap between departments This is the common problem Grameen Phone started to face when it was getting bigger since 2004. We will write a custom essay sample on Lacking in Existing Communication System of Grameen Phone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like any other organizations when it is getting bigger, distance between the employees of different department increased. As a example, three departments used to sit together in the same floor space of office. So they have a very good communication between them not only in the professional ways but also in a friendly way. People used to know which department is facing what kind of problem and also the source of the problem. So if the reason is legitimate, other departments come and help them to out of this problem. In the early 2004, when the company was getting bigger in business by gaining more customer day by day, management faced the need to increase the man power of the departments for the smooth communication. So that time it was not actually possible to accommodate 2-3 departments in a single floor. So the distance started to getting bigger. And also the interpersonal support they were getting from others was not available any more. Even after this situation the communication was still strong and bonded as they used to work in the same premises. But the condition curve started going down when some of the departments sent to a different location. It became tough for the employees to communicate with them frequently, just only for the official purposes. So the binding they used to have was no more. This started to put effect also in the official communication among them. In many times people don’t know the objective of the departments and they started to misunderstand the motive of different departments. One of the big examples can be the relationship among the marketing, customer service sales department. Whenever marketing department coming with some new promotional activities it creates confusion in customer service and also in the sales. They think marketing has introduced this promotional offer without thinking about the impact and the consequences of this in other departments. In many time these departments need to face a tough time to handle this promotional offer. But in most of the time this was not the mistake of the marketing department. After the market and competitor analysis they come up with the new promotional offers, but the mistake was they don’t involve any of the people from the other employees from other department. Even if they involve any of the employee from another department, but that concern person don’t communicate the information properly in their department. In the sales end people failed to communicate the complicated offer properly to the customer, so at the end of the day customers phoned again in the hotline and the hotline congestion increased and the service quality decreased. And as the quality decreased, they have to face the questions from the management and it become tough to explain the problem to management. And if the management is not satisfied with the explanation from the department, their KPI become more complicated and tough. So the communication gaps become bigger. In some of the departments employees start to have grievance about the other departments. Same thing also happens in the other departments. In the case of termination of employment, employees don’t get the actual option to know the actual reason of the termination as the Human Resource Department wants to make it secret. But in many case this information should be communicated properly to the employees. It effects not only in the employee who is leaving but also in the job performance of the existing employees. A huge amount of de-motivation work among them. At the end of the day organization face the effect of this thing. Protecting Internal Secrecy In many departments, head of department keep the information from management in secret. Without disclosing the reason and the motive, they set a new KPI or increase the existing KPI. An increased KPI and work pressure without knowing the main objective makes them de-motivated for the specific work. Only a few supervisors are co-operative and they describe the actual situation with his subordinates and make them realize the importance of the increase KPI and motivate them according that. But this amount is very low. It becomes a tendency of the supervisor keeping the information secret. Sometimes this situation even forces the employee to quit their job. Not having any combined portal for share information Grameen Phone has different software and portals for the employees as all of the employees are not working in the same premises and they also believe in the paper less work. Some department has multiple portals for their work process. Even there is another portal which is for all of the departments, where the company discloses the recently happened incident and the employees get the opportunity to share their view and comment regarding this. But this is only for sharing the common organization based information. There is no portal for the entire department where they can get the information of another department and why any kind of change is being taken. As they are different department with different job description, but as they are under the same roof of the organization there will be some impact of the decision in other departments also. So even if there is any feedback of any employee, they can put it in the comment box. Their valuable comment might be helpful to make the decision of that department more perfect. Other than this benefit people will get to know about the reason and the fact about the recent taken decision by the different departments. Frequent Change in the Organizational Policy It is another big problem of Grameen Phone. They frequently change the policy and the work process of the organization. After the telecommunication boom in late 2002, this policy change trend becomes frequent in the organization. At first employees are good with it, but the situation got worse with the more frequent policy change. Employees become fad-up with the situation. So there mind set start to build that we don’t need to follow the policy as it will be going to change very soon. So when management observed that the tendency of the employee is not satisfactory, they set some anti steps to stop this. This anti steps turn into a de-motivating factor for the employees. Not only in the policy, Grameen Phoen frequently change the name of the department and the designation of the employees along with bringing change in the whole organogram. In same cases employees are not properly aware about the change within the organization. Sometimes even the employees become confused with the name of the department. Some of the departmental even termed as 3 different names in 2 years. So it easily it creates dissatisfaction not only for the employees of the other department but also for the employee of that certain department. Wrong Strategy Developments This situation happens in many Multinational companies. They just think to earn money in any available way. Most of the cases they forget about the source of the money, which is the customer base. In many case the strategy they build without considering the benefit of the customer and forget about the consequences of it. As the consequence root level employees of the organization have to face the problem. In the ling run company realizes its problem but most of the time it was so late to overcome the whole situation, even if it is possible it take much time, effort and money. So if the strategy is not appropriate they will not get the perfect feedback. And their long term goal is not fulfilled.

Heart of darkness 6

Heart of darkness 6 Comparative Essay between Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now The ties between Joseph Conrad's book, Heart of Darkness and Francis Coppola's movie, Apocalypse Now are unmistakable. Apocalypse Now's accuracy in following the story line of the Heart of Darkness is amazing although the settings of each story are from completely different location and time periods. From the jungle of the Congo in Africa to the Nung river in Vietnam, Joseph Conrad's ideals are not lost. In both the book and the movie, the ideas of good and evil, whiteness, darkness, and racism are apparent. Also, characterization in both the novel and the movie are very similar.Both The Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now examine the good and evil in humans. In The Heart of Darkness, Marlow speaks of Fresleven who was killed in a fight with some natives. The argument between Fresleven and the natives was over some chickens, and Fresleven felt he had been ripped off in the deal.James Hardie Jr. and wife, Rev. Willard (L OC)Marlow describes Fresleven as "the gentlest, quietest creature that ever walked on two legs."(p. 13 Conrad) However, later in the same paragraph Marlow says,"he probably felt the need at last of asserting his self-respect in some way. Therefore he whacked the old nigger mercilessly."(p. 13 Conrad) Soldiers in combat are forced to bring the evil within themselves out every time they go into battle. The scene in Apocalypse Now where Captain Willard first meets Lt. Colonel Kilgore exhibits the power combat has in bringing out the dark side in humans. The attitude the soldiers have towards their enemy in the scene shows how evil humans can be. Kilgore demonstrates his dark side when he tosses the "death cards" on to the bodies of the dead Vietcong without showing any remorse over the death of fellow humans. The Vietcong...

Appeal to Aesthetics in Death in Venice Essay -- Literary Analysis

The first and most obvious instance of aestheticism and decadence as correlating themes in this story is the title, Death in Venice. By fore-grounding the name of the city in the title, Mann is highlighting the city's key role in the unfolding narrative. Mann aligns the word 'Venice' with the word 'death' in the title. This creates a relationship between these two words - the word 'death' strongly infuses the word 'Venice' with all its connotations. Death and decay are important ideas within the context of decadence. By shear nature the title relates the concepts of death and dying to the city of Venice, which implies that the location is where a death will occur. However, this is paralleled by the opening of the story when Mann drearily tells of Aschenbach’s stroll through Munich. In the reading of this passage it nternally decadent through his indulgence in Tadzio’s appearance. He then changes his appearance to please his idol which in turn corrupts himself by tur ning him into the type of decadent man he once despised. These themes of aestheticism and decadence, not in juxtaposition but in duality, are used frequently by Mann throughout the novella. Works Cited Mann, Thomas, and Clayton Koelb. Death in Venice: a new translation, backgrounds and contexts, criticism. New York: W.W. Norton, 1994. Print. Ritters, Naoimi, and .Jeffrey B. Berlin. "the Tradition of European Decadence." Approaches to teaching Mann's Death in Venice and other short fiction. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1992. 86-92. Print. Shookman, Ellis, and Rene-Pierre Collins. Thomas Mann's Death in Venice: a novella and its critics. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2003. Print.

John Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John Brown - Essay Example This essay takes a neutral view at the life and deeds of Brown and finds that John Brown was not a terrorist. If we look back in history we find that this title was given to him because of his revolt against slavery. In that period, slavery was an accepted norm of life and any movement against it was "anti-social". Today when slavery has been wiped out, he can be declared a hero for starting a war against an inhuman practice of slave trade. John Brown born on 9th May, 1800, became the first American to raise his voice against the practice of slavery. He has been one of the most controversial personalities of the 19th century. Even President Abraham Lincoln said that Brown was a "misguided fanatic".( Blue, 2006) Many other intellectuals also called him as terrorist. He had started a liberation movement of the black slaves in 1857-58 in Kansas. He collected some young men and gave them military training at Springdale Iowa. In 1958, he took this small army to Chatham in West Canada and on 8th of May, he called a convention where he declared a provisional constitution for the people of United States. If we read the wordings of this constitution, it goes like "slavery is none other than a most barbarous, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of one portion of its citizens upon another portion." Anyone who has not been influenced by the name "Father of Terrorists", can not say that these words are unjustified and anyone believing and promoting these words and thoughts should be executed. Brown formulated the constitution and also formed a committee. On 10th the committee was finalized and declared adjourned sine die. In July 1859, Brown came to Harper's Ferry under disguise and prepared grounds for his further attack. Finally on 16th October, 1859, he invaded Harper's Ferry with his army of 20 militants. Twelve of these were killed one was captured and executed and one was unaccounted for. Rest four of the them including Brown were turned over to the Sheriff. On 2nd December, 1859, Brown was executed. Historical Interpretations Most of the historians have Called John Brown a terrorist. Later some of them have come up with more cordial view. The friendliest biography of Brown is supposed to be the one written by Oswald Garrison Villard in 1910. Villard was himself the grandson of William Lloyd Garrison who was an abolitionist. While explaining John's arrival in Harpers Ferry he says that his intention was to "begin his revolution in a spectacular way, capturing a few slaveholders and release some slaves( Villard, 1910)". He has expressed admiration for Brown in many places but he has also called him a murderer. Some of the African American writers later presented a positive view about him.(DeCaro, 2005). Even in the middle of the 20th century, some Southern writers expressed strongly negative views about him. In the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a remarkable change in the attitude of the writers. Few of them are Toledo 2002, Decaro, 2002, Peterson 2002, Reynolds 2005 and Carton 2006. There have been some writers in this period also like Bruce Olds 1995, who has written a very negative work on Brown. At the same time Russel Banks has portrayed a fictional work on Brown putting him is the

Climate Change Is Directly Related to Our Lifestyle Essay

Climate Change Is Directly Related to Our Lifestyle - Essay Example Climate change is manmade and it induces global warming which is a phenomenon that arises from the heating up of the temperature of the earth.   This happens when greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor trap the heat from the sun into the earth’s atmosphere (Massawe, 2012).  Ã‚   The heating up of the earth’s atmosphere causes the sea level to rise as glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice as begins to thaw and this phenomenon called climate change is a result of global warming.   Global warming or climate change has been attributed to be one of the causes of shifting extreme weather pattern that causes heat waves, droughts, excessive rainfall and changes in crop harvests (Miller, nd).   And as the temperature in our waters heats-up, it harms and kills the algae which serve as food to another living organism in the ocean.   When that happens, it inadvertently destroys the ecosystem and balance in the ocean (Massawe, 2012).   The result?   Lesser fish harvest because their source of food is diminished.   Storms, hurricanes, and floods will become fiercer due to changing weather pattern that as more heat is emitted in the ocean, the fiercer the storms will be (WWF, nd).  There are several causes of climate change and it is all rooted in man’s lifestyle and that everybody should be involved to protect the environment.   There are however several quarters in society who think that it is only big business and industrialized countries that makes pollution that causes climate change.   Many still think that it is only China and the United States and other industrialized countries that should worry about climate change because they are the ones who pollute our environment.   This argument is myopic because pollution is borderless that even if pollution came from China or the United States, it will travel across countries and will still cause climate change that will affect everybody.   In a research conducted by Massawe, he identified the determinants of global warming as the population estimate, birth rate, death rate, hydropower consumption, geothermal power consumption, nuclear power consumption, solar power consumption, wind power consumption, biofuel consumption, coal consumption, oil consumption, gas consumption, defense spending, GDP, greenhouse gases emission estimate and forest coverage estimate which are all linked to our lifestyle.  

Three Ethic Models Essay Example for Free

Three Ethic Models Essay This essay will explain the three ethic models, which are the utilitarian model, moral rights model and justice model (Waddell et al. 2007, 166), the application of these ethic models pertaining to the case study, and which ethic model would be best referred to in deciding the course of action to take to solve the problem that has arisen due to the circumstances that happened due to the employers forcing minimum wage exemption of their employees. (Roberts 2013) Waddell et al. (2007, 164) suggests that ethics as how people or groups perceive decisions as right or wrong differently. An ethical decision made according to the utilitarian model is defined by the most benefit for the most number of individuals. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) Jardins and McCall (1985, 368) suggest that to further understand the meaning of employee rights, one would look at what both the managers and employees would goods both parties are aiming for in an employment agreement. Both parties will have differing aims and strategies to create changes or benefits from and for the company, resulting in a conflict of interest. Gill 2003, 308) For instance, managers would set a target to maximize the profits of the company and â€Å"maintain the firm’s long-term growth and stability (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368); while employees may aim to gain benefits and have a comfortable life, which is obtained by receiving at least minimum pay, or even â€Å"higher wages†. (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368) Managers have the responsibility to analyze the situation carefully, and make a decision that would benefits the highest number of stakeholders, i. . the employees. (Waddell et. Al 2007, 166) If wage rates were to be increased, the company would make lower profits. (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368) Wage increments would add to the production costs, so customers would not want to purchase the products if they become too expensive, therefore decreasing profits over time. Granting benefits could potentially â€Å"threaten long-term stability† in the long run. (Jardins and McCall 1985, 368) Suppose the manager decides to reject the employees’ requests and demand. In which case, the company’s profits and stability will be sustained, customers are kept happy with low product costs, but the employees will barely survive on low wages, even more so if they are receiving less than minimum wage. A ethical decision made according to the moral rights model is a decision made on a basis that it preserves and conserves the basic human rights and privileges of the individuals as best as possible. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) People are morally responsible to ensure that each other are able to have a life that is minimally good. Jeurissen 2007, 3) Stakeholders make up the organization, so it is important to know and understand their interests in the company. (Jeurissen 2007, 3) Takemura (2009, 27) stated that the United States’ delegate support that people have to respect the rights of objectors, so ensuring minimum wage is the highest priority. Dealing under the Fair Trade standards means that companies must treat its stakeholders in a fair a nd just manner, with employers granting its employees their workers’ rights, such as minimum wages, good safety standards, and proper housing. Fair Trade International 2013) For the protection of their rights, every worker has the right to affiliation with trade unions. (Kallstrom and Eide 1999, 489) Trade unions exist for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. (Webb and Webb 1920, 28) Under the moral rights model, managers should take the course of action that best maintains the rights and principles of the organization’s stakeholders. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) For instance, any course of action taken that has a great negative impact on a stakeholder would be considered unethical. Waddell et al. 2007, 166) Hence, trade unions will strive to uphold the rights of the employees, while managers cannot implement the minimum wage exemption without the consent of the workers. (Roberts 2013) Since the workers did not give their consent, t hey have the right to receive nothing less minimum wages. (Roberts 2013) The justice model defines decisions made that distribute both negative and positive outcomes among stakeholders in a fair and impartial manner as an ethical decision. (Waddell et al. 2007, 166) A right is usually nothing more than a claim or demand, unless there is a tool that enables the implementation of the right or is built into the â€Å"institutional structure†. (Halstead and Pike 2006, 29) Rights have been constituted as the best way to maintaining the â€Å"just resolution of conflict and general human well-being†, and is recognized by the law. (Halstead and Pike 2006, 29) The right to minimum wages is a socio-economic right. (Jeurissen 2007, 3) Jeurissen (2007, 3) stated that rights are requisite when it comes to individuals cooperating within in a corporate organization. There are several examples of socio-economic rights, such as legislation and collective labour agreements, a category of rights in which the right to minimum wage is included. Every individual is able to exercise their rights, as resolution by the law. (Opsahl and Dimitrijevic 1999, 633) The resolution was made so that rights could be recognized and respected, in order for justice to be possible, should any of these rights be violated or disrespected by the relevant authorities. (Opsahl and Dimitrijevic 1999, 633) Rights should not be restricted in order to have social equilibrium within an organization. Opsahl and Dimitrijevic 1999, 634) Furthermore, â€Å"a justice approach to the minimum wage would enable us to consider our values†. (Levin-Waldman 2000, 43) A manager referring to the justice ethic model should consider that rights are recognized by the law, and therefore should abide by the law by respecting the employees’ rights; otherwise the governmental authoriti es would have to take action on the manager. Based on the analysis of all three ethic models, the best ethic model to apply to the case study is as per the thesis statement, which is the moral rights ethic model. The workers of the Nike factories in Indonesia should be allowed their minimum wage. As stated earlier, minimum wages are a fundamental right of an individual. The activist Jim Keady also stated that forcing minimum wage exemption on workers is a â€Å"clear violation of Nike’s code of conduct. † (Roberts 2013) Also, the workers should be able to enjoy at least minimum comfortable living conditions, as well as be protected from harsh treatment in the workplace. The manager of Nike should recognize and respect the rights of the workers and not force the exemption of minimum wage upon them. The management could perceive the company to lose some of its customers, and potentially be at a financial loss in the long-run. On the other hand, the trade unions and activists are satisfied that their principles and values are being upheld, and the workers’ rights are protected. Indeed, Employees should be treated fairly and their rights should be upheld. People are morally responsible to ensure that each other are able to have a life that is minimally good. (Jeurissen 2007, 3) Stakeholders make up the organization, so it is important to know and understand their interests in the company. Jeurissen 2007, 3) In which case, the workers can be considered important stakeholders in the organization, so it is unethical to enforce a minimum wage exemption against their will. Should the manager be proven guilty of forcing employees to sign a contract implementing the exemption of minimum wages, he or she should question their values as to whether or not their actions adhere to Nike ’s claims that they â€Å"care about the welfare of their workers† and â€Å"want to see them have decent lives†. In short, the manager should respect the employees’ right to minimum wage. Reference List Des Jardins, Joseph R. and John J. McCall. 1985. â€Å"A defense of employee rights. † Journal of Business Ethics 4(5): 367-376. doi: 10. 1007/BF02388589 Gill, Roger. 2003. â€Å"Change management or change leadership? † Journal of Change Management 3(4): 307-318. http://edocs. library. curtin. edu. au/eres_display. cgi? url=DC60118593. pdfamp;copyright=1 Jeurissen, Ronald, eds. 2007. Ethics amp; Business. Netherlands: Van Gorcum. Kallstrom, Kent and Asbjern Eide. 1999. â€Å"Article 23. † In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, edited by Gudmundur Alfredsson and Asbjern Eide, 489-510. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Levin-Waldman, Oren M. 2000. Minimum Wage and Justice? Review of Social Economy 58(1): 43-62. doi: 10. 1080/003467600363101 Opsahl, Torkel and Vojin Dimitrijevic. 1999. â€Å"Article 29. † In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Common Standard of Achievement, edited by Gudmundur Alfredsson and Asbjern Eide, 489-510. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Roberts, George. 2013. ABC News. Nike workers claim military paid to intimidate them. Accessed March 19, http://www. abc. et. au/news/2013-01-15/nike-accused-of-using-military-to-intimidate-factory-workers/4465058. Takemura, Hitomi. 2009. International Human Right to Conscientious Objection to Military Service and Individual Duties to Disobey Manifestly Illegal Orders. Berlin, Germany: Springer. Waddell, Dianne, Jennifer Devine, Gareth R. Jones, and Jennifer M. George. 2007. Contemporary Management. North Ryde, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Limited. Webb, Sidney and Beatr ice Webb. 1920. History of Trade Unionism. London: Longmans and Co.

Comparison of Mid-Term Break, The Field Mouse, and On My First Sonne Es

Comparison of Mid-Term Break, The Field Mouse, and On My First Sonne The above poems are written by 3 different people and on reading them they seem to be about very different things. But at heart, they are about death and the pain that appears afterwards. Seamus Heaney's Mid-Term Break is a memory of his four-year-old brother's death. Gillian Clarke's The Field Mouse is about death in a political conflict compared to a death in nature. Finally On My First Sonne by Ben Johnson is about the death of his son and the religious view of the situation. Both Heaney and Johnson's poems are about the death of a close loved one and how it is dealt with emotionally and in reality. On looking at the title of Heaney's poem, you almost immediately assume that is a happy one, possibly about what he spends his holidays doing. This of course is not the case. Unlike the other two poems, you do not know immediately who has died or even if there is a death. Throughout the poem he keeps us guessing what is happening. He gives us a clue and we have to piece it together like a detective putting a jigsaw puzzle together to solve a crime. Also the fact that it is a memory and he is talking about himself as a child shows how badly it would have affected him and his parents emotionally. Through Heaney talks about the reaction of all his family members to his brother's death, Johnson only talks about how his son's death affected him. You can see that since the deceased was his first son, that he is hit emotionally very hard and seems to blame himself, but at the same time consulates himself by thinking that he has gone to a better place. Line 5 'O, could I loose all father now. For why.' seems to indicate that he has lost a... ...connection that the rest of us probably would not. I feel the poem that really explains the situation well is Seamus Heaney's Mid-Term Break as it keeps the person in suspense over who has died, but delivers a shock at the end when we find out who it really is. This really mixes your emotions and unlike the other 2 makes you feel sorry for a death that happened over 20-30 years ago. I also feel it is better because it focuses on the actually death. while Healey does fill in these criteria. Clarke's poem compares the killing of a field mouse to the killings in the Bosnian War. Though this is clever, it does not show the bad things in the Bosnian War as in reality the killing of one field mouse cannot really be literally compared to the massive killings involving the Muslims. The above reasons are why I think overall Seamus Heaney's poem is the best.

Hip hop Essay

Hip Hop is a category of â€Å"music† that has come a long way since it was first fashioned. Born in The Bronx, New York is has defined and interpreted countless of times. The text book definition is â€Å"a style of popular music of US black and Hispanic origin, featuring rap with an electronic backing. Originally produce to tell stories of men and women of the time it has since grown and develop a whole new meaning which is not set in stone. Today, hip-hop, can be located worldwide due largely to media website like YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram. Since the birth of hip-hop one key element has remained true, hip-hop mirrors the issues in the world. In the 1970’s Hip Hop is now a part of the mainstream music scene. It is not uncommon to see artist from different genres collaborating with Hip Hop artists. It is also not uncommon to see Hip Hop music and culture in movies, television shows, and commercials. In the past you would only see people from ethnic communities wearing Hip Hop clothing, now all races including Asian, Caucasian, etc have accepted the Hip Hop style. The subject matter has also changed. In the past Hip Hop lyrics focused on political and societal frustrations, now Hip Hop lyrics steer more toward provocative content. Hip Hop subject matter consists mostly of the aspirations of wealth, sex, drug use, and criminal activity. During the beginning years the age of the Hip Hop listener was wide spread. It ranged from teens to even adults in their 50’s. Although Hip Hop still has an adult audience, it is now more geared toward younger audiences. Younger listeners are more likely to purchase Hip Hop music and paraphernalia, than the older audience. Hip Hop proves to be the voice of the people that may not be able to speak for themselves in conventional ways. Globalization has allowed many people who would not have the means to speak up, to be able to take center stage. Many believe that globalization will be the end of individuality and creativity. This has been a theory that seems to fail when put up against Hip Hop globalization. Hip Hop Globalization has proven to hybridize communities and music,that in the end forms something that has never been seen before. Globalization may prove that instead of making the world â€Å"flat†, it will create new mountains and craters of creativity that were never imagined.

Black People and Civil War Essay

The civil war ended in 1865 May 10 when the confederates surrendered to the union. After the civil war was over all of the slaves became free. They were call freedman. In some states they were not one hundred percent free though. Even though the slaves became free white people still did not like them and they were very racist to them. In Mississippi they had black codes which restricted blacks to do many things. How did whites attempt to reimpose bondage on their former slaves? The African Amercian’s were not allowed to rent or lease land and if they did they would be sued. The African Americans were not allowed to marry white people. If they did they would be guilty of felony and be sentenced to state jail for life. Whites still needed some labor help so they offered blacks to do some labor work and they would be payed. If the blacks were hired to work longer than a month then both the worker and the owner would have to have a written contract. If the worker quit before the contract was over without a good cause then the worker would have give back all of the money they got payed from the owner which is awful because blacks could get injured and the owner would not care and want the money they payed them back. Even if it was one day before the contract was over, but the owner would have really cruel to have done that. If the worker violated the contract than any white can arrest him and bring the black to jail. Blacks that were under the age of eighteen that did not have parents to provide and take care of them then the original owner can take the minor into their home and be their legal guardian. The owner was not allowed to give the minor cruel punishment. If whites see blacks who don’t come to work, get drunk in public, leave families, or misuse their money earned then they can be fined one hundred dollars and will have to go to jail no longer than ten days. If whites caught blacks over the age of eighteen living with whites or if they don’t have a job then the blacks would be fined fifty dollars and go to jail no more than ten days. The whites would be fined two hundred dollars and they would have to go to jail no less then six months. Blacks got the better deal off of that law, but the meaning was really hurtful to the blacks because the white people would get more in trouble then the black people would. It was like saying they hate blacks, but they hated the whites who liked the blacks more. Blacks were not even allowed to have weapons unless they were in the military, not even a knife. Everyone should have the right to protect their selves and their family. They needed the weapons especially because they just became free and many white people were angry that they became free and may try to harm them. On the bright side it kept them away from revenge on their master or any other enemies. If blacks disturbed the whites in any way from language to violence, trespassing, selling liquor without a license, being a minister of a church without a license, or cruel treatment to animals can be fined ten to one hundred dollars depending on the crime and serving ten to thirty days in jail. This law can be abused and white people could get the blacks in trouble because no one would know if the white people actually felt disturbed they could have been getting them in trouble because they were racist. Where whites successful to reimpose bondage on their former slaves? Yes, whites were very successful. Even though the blacks were free they took away many rights from them. They also made it impossible for blacks not to get into trouble. Abram Colby was beaten by members of the Klu Klux Klan on October 29, 1869. They took him to the woods and whipped him for three hours. The members of the Klu Klux Klan left him there and thought he died. In 1872 he was asked to testify in Washington and he did. He told them the whole story and the the members of the Klu Klux Klan were a lawyer, doctor, and farmers. The Klu Klux Klan killed many blacks during the time. Most of the time they got away with it because the leaders of the Klu Klux Klan were a bunch of high powered white people that were sheriffs,lawyers, and doctors. Where the freed slaves actually free? Overall they were free from slavery, but whites got every single chance they did to get the blacks in trouble with the law. Laws that were very strict that whites could not even abide by them, which was hypocritical. They pretty much took away their chances of becoming successful. The blacks were free from being someones slave. They were not as free as the whites were. Works Cited . N. p.. Web. 5 Feb 2014. . Sterling, D. .

11 GI Bill An In-Depth Analysis

Research Essay Sample on Post 9/11 GI Bill An In-Depth Analysis Introduction In the year 2008, Post 9/11 veterans’ educational assistance act was made law by the congress. This measure was responsible for the amendment of title 38 of the US constitution. This was done so as to include the third chapter which deals with extension of educational benefits for veterans who have been in military service since September 11 2001. It is these education benefits that are commonly referred to as the post 911 GI Bill. Currently people are calling it the new GI BILL. The social condition that the bill seeks to address is emotional and secondary illiteracy among war veterans all over the country. This is done through paying of college fees and providing welfare assistance to veterans in a model similar to that of the original GI Bill that came into force immediately after the Second World War (Budahn, 2011).. The New GI Bill is attempting to address these problems. For veterans who have been in military service for more than three years since 2001, the act provides that they receive 100% funding for a four year undergraduate program. The veterans are also able to transfer the benefits to their spouses and children on condition that they serve for more than ten years. This act was proposed by Senator Jim Webb in 2007. The act was affected on august 2009 with some parts of it earmarked for change. For one to be eligible for the benefits they must be in active military service, they must have attained high school certification. The officers must opt for university or college education (Scoot, 2009). It is the department of veteran affairs that is charged with managing the veterans. For us to talk about the roles, and functions of the department of veteran affairs, we have to understand how it operates and the challenges it is facing. The VA as it is commonly referred to is facing a growing challenge in its operating environment. There has been a significant increase in claims and services per patient while legislative and national security policies are full of uncertainties. By understanding these obstacles and their effects on VA, we will be able to analyze the roles and functions of the VA department. A big challenge to the VA is the changing veteran population. Due to old age, the veterans and their families is developing complex needs with expectations that the VA should be able to provide for them. The Vietnam veterans constitute a significant percentage of veterans with age related complications like prostate cancer and diabetes. This has increased their demand for better health care services. The VA is also expected to provide benefits and services to the families of these ageing veterans (Whitney, 2007). Disability compensation is the area that has been profoundly affected in recent years. This is due to change in nature of wounds inflicted during combat. Most disabilities experienced by veterans’ today e.g.| are more complex and require advanced treatment. TODAY, THE VA PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING SERVICES: Provision of high quality health services to war veterans The VA has maintained the distinction of being the largest integrated health care system in North America. It has grown from 54 hospitals in 1931 to 153 fully furnished hospitals today. There are more than seven hundred outpatient clinics that are community based. Currently, the VA runs two hundred and sixty vet centers across the country. The medical facilities offer a wide range of services ranging from medical to rehabilitation. The VA also provides telemedicine which is intended to increase efficiency in service provision (Gaytan, 2011). Provision of benefits and compensation to veterans Another function of VA is to provide compensation and welfare benefits to the war veterans. These pension and compensation cover about four million veterans. Honoring veterans The VA is also charged with the task of honoring the veterans through establishment of unique cemeteries reserved for the veterans. The agency also undertakes maintenance of the cemeteries and other national shrines. In the year 2010, the agency has maintained more than three million gravesites and one hundred and sixty four properties related to the veterans(Alford, 2010). Eliminating Veteran homelessness Currently, there are about 107000 homeless veterans in the country. The VA plans to reduce this number to zero by the year 2014 through the provision of home support funds. Enabling full delivery of 21st century benefits and services The VA is committed to reducing paperless claims related to disability by the year 2014. It also strives to ensure veterans process their claims in a period shorter than 125 days (Gaytan, 2011). Improvement of veteran mental health 97% of veterans are suffering from alcohol abuse; this is one of VA’s goals to reduce alcohol consumption among veterans. The department ensures that the veterans receive eight sessions of psychotherapy (Alford, 2010). Doing research that enhance long term well being of veterans The department continues with scientific researches that are geared toward service improving and portfolio balance in the NRAC (Bertoni, 2011). Improve health care services while keeping costs low The department is charged with the responsibility of saving cost incurred by the veteran’s health requirements thereby increasing their benefits. It also ensures that the cases of mistaken payments are eliminated. GI Bill analysis and framework In its strategic planning framework, the department of veteran affairs has split the GI policy implementation strategy into four main components. These components are responsible for better discharge of services by the VA. They are the ones that define the functions and roles of the VA. These components include; four strategic goals which are crosscutting, integrated objectives’, integrated strategies and radical initiatives. The first component is not limited to one specific goal. It is charged with the task of providing a common set of premises on which initiatives and operation strategies are based. The objectives are meant to help the VA to build strategies on which the department’s goals of service provision can be achieved. Integrated objectives are courses of action that are meant to realize VA’s vision and objectives in implementing the GI policy (Bergmann, Duggan 2007). Veterans have derived a lot of benefits from the services offered by this agency. First, psychotherapy sessions have been successful in changing their drinking habits while ensuring their mental well being. The department’s collaboration with NRAC is a crucial step in understanding specific needs of veterans. The adoption of seamless interactivity between departments has enabled the veterans to acquire all information without having to move from one office to another (Budahn, 2011). Elimination of homelessness is another benefit that veterans are enjoying under the VA. The intention of this plan is to ensure that each veteran has a house and their families are well catered for. The use of SCIP process has eliminated wastage through unification of the budget affairs. This has increased the departments efficiency in dealing with veteran affairs. Reducing hiring cycle through human capital management has ensured that veterans and their families continue to enjoy their benefits without unnecessary delays. Previously it took more than 125 days to process claims. This has significantly reduced because the veterans can now enjoy the full 21st benefits and services (Bertoni, 2011). The central government through the department of defense has been financing these benefits and services since the adoption of the act. The money is sourced from the taxpayer’s kitty. Historical analysis of the GI Bill After the Second World War, the government passed into law Title 38 which was supposed to cater for all the men and women who had retired from the military so that they could live a comfortable life. In this act, the veterans were to enjoy full benefits of military personnel including free medical care and social services. Although it did not cover the education and spouses’ part, this act went a long way in ensuring that the veterans had a decent life after service. This was the only way of dealing with the problems afflicting the veterans. Supplemental appropriations act of 2008 was adopted through the act of congress in order to introduce modifications to the previous bill. After adopting the act in 2008, the state amended the third part of US code so that retiring military officers who served in the army from 2001 would be able to enjoy more benefits and services. It also opened eligibility to members of the National Guard. The law has also reduced the housing allowance for online learners which has enabled the service members and their spouses to get annual stipend of thousand dollars. The act has also removed the state to state tuition fees for the servicemen who decide to enroll in state colleges. In addition to these benefits, the bill was also modified to set 17000 dollars as the cap for veterans who may desire to attend private colleges (Gaytan, 2011) Historical ineffectiveness of the first GI Bill The original GI bill also provided for college education for veterans although there were some limitations. The ability of the veteran to transfer benefits to the spouse or children was not provided for in the original bill. These two acts were initiated by decorated war veterans turned politicians who felt that it was necessary to safeguard the future of the servicemen and their families. Incorporation of Historical lessons in the new program In his proposal for improvement of the act, Senator Jim Webb who is a decorated Vietnam veteran wanted the war veterans to be accorded better living standards due to the sacrifices they make for the sake of the country. Other prominent people who sponsored the bill are representative Bobby Scott and senator Olympia Snowe. The democrats and a few republicans support the passage of the supplemental bill after a bipartisan deal. The veteran education assistance bill was then passed on June 19 2008 by majority (Bertoni, 2011). The controversy generated has led the bill to face opposition from some politicians. Issues of compensation during the buy up option were a key concern for the opponents of this bill. The bill does not offer any provision on how the contribution is supposed to be incorporated into it when it is fully enforced. The VA has asserted that some service members will not be refunded their contribution of six hundred dollars. The bill faced opposition from some officials from the department of defense, President Bush and senator McCain believed it would impact negatively on military retention which is, critical to the country’s defense (Scoot, 2009). Effective approach to veteran affairs is essential in building the morale of the disciplined forces. It also ensures that no serviceman will be abandoned at his hour of need by the state. The ineffectiveness of the first bill meant that veterans would continue to be locked out of certain aspects of their lives. By denying them a chance to study on subsidized fees, the bill was discriminating against these important members of the American society. The other weakness that promoted ineffectiveness of the first bill was the exclusion of children and spouses from enjoying the veteran’s benefits (Alford, 2010). This meant that the veterans would still suffer since they are the ones expected to provide for their children. Historical records show that most veterans commit suicide due to stress and psychological problems. By offering eight sessions of psychoanalysis to the veterans as one of the benefits, the bill has eliminated cases of suicides. It is also necessary to note that the policy eliminated the stress related to academic achievements because the veterans have been given a chance to pursue higher education, which will enable them to get part-time employment.

Investment banking & private banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Investment banking & private banking - Essay Example This development must bring about sustainable increase in living standards which implies that per capita income of the citizens will improve improved education and health as well as an environment that is friendly to human life. It's a concerted effort on the government to steer the direction of private sector of the country or in a city towards creating opportunities that lead to sustainable economic growth that can provide enough incomes to the labor force, enable employers to gainfully engage in business opportunities that eventually can provide enough tax revenue to maintain the country's infrastructure, this support a continued growth. It's therefore important that every country's governing body appreciate the impact of private sector investments in steering the economic development. Although there are several initiatives that enhance investments both domestic and foreign, there is no better alternative to private sector investment as an engine for development. The economic deve lopment process requires legal and institutional adjustments which enhance provision of incentives for innovation as well as investments so as to create an efficient production process and distribution system for the goods and services. (Sosale, S, 2000). It is important to know that economic development is different from community development. Community development is a process that is directed to making a community a better place for habitat as well as a better place to work. It's a structured intervention that focuses on giving the communities greater control over the factor that affect their lives thereby giving them confidence to tackle their problems as effectively as possible. Community development work hand in hand with the local groups and organizations that represent communities at local levels (World Bank, 2008, p.67). Community development may involve improvement of living standards f people in a certain part of a country or region but economic development involves improvement of well being of its people within the different layers of society such that everyone in the country or region has to potential and increased quality of life. Economic development is simply the creation of wealth in which the community benefits are enhanced. It involves deliberate intervention in the normal economic growth of a country to give positive results. From a public perspective, local economic development is a process that involves allocation of limited resources - land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship in a way that positively effect the countries business activities, Income distribution, employment and poverty reduction efforts. Looking at the various definitions of economic development by different scholars, no single definition captures all the different strands of development although there are common measurement tools like employment increase, improved economic output and increase in tax revenue (World Bank, 2006, p.89). Economic Growth & development though are largely interrelated; they are different in meaning as used in economics. Most economists use the term economic development to explain the various problems facing the underdeveloped countries and economic growth to in regard to

Cellular Microbiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cellular Microbiology - Essay Example (Institute of Materials, Great Britain, P. 223) The importance is far reaching, from environmental O2 /CO2 balance to the synthesis of artificial herbicides that act on unwanted herbs by blocking some important steps in this energy producing process. The chlorophyll pigment alone has lead to new avenues for thoughts and research on the importance of photosynthetic processes and has paved the way for the synthesis of certain medicinal drugs exploiting its photoprotective mechanisms for preventing light induced damage of cells. The chlorophyll research has added to the significance of this novel energy yielding life process and has led to the foundation of drug therapy for treatment of tumors, carcinoma and related maladies. In fact the earliest forms of photosynthetic plants principally inhabited the water bodies, especially in the warm mineral rich pools, mainly due to the intense effect of ultraviolet radiation on the land due to the absence of the ozone layer. Instead of oxidizing, with a highly reducing nature of environment, principally due to the sparse oxygen count, the warm pools full of evolving life forms probably utilized the massive energy resource to convert the simple inorganic compounds to complex organic biomolecules, like, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, etc, paving the way for the synthesis of nucleic acids and complex proteins and enzymes. (Pearson, P. 10) This definitely potentiated the production of biomolecules required oxygen production. As the oxygen level in the atmosphere increased slowly with the passage of time, plants reached out and slowly colonized the lands progressively transforming their semi-aquatic habitats to terrestrial by nature. With the evolution of the earliest microbes that resembled cyanobacteria, algae and lichens till the further differentiated poikilohydric bryophytes evolved. About 25 million years ago, these non vascular bryophytes were soon followed with vascular homioihydric plants capable of maintaining their internal water content at an optimum level irrespective of the external environmental conditions. However before the origin of these photosynthesizing life forms the challengingly low levels of atmospheric oxygen as hypothesized by the geologists, required an explanation of unknown factors that increased the atmospheric oxygen count at a considerable extent. This unknown process of oxygen accumulation in the atmosphere through an unexplained time gap of hundred million years can be associated with a number of presumable theories each of which has its own investigational platform. "The red line shows the inferred level of atmospheric oxygen bounded by the constraints imposed by the proxy record of atmospheric oxygen variation over Earth's history. The signature of mass-independent sulphur-isotope behaviour sets an upper limit for oxygen levels before 2.45 billion years ago and a lower limit after that time. The record of oxidative weathering after 2.45 billion years ago sets a lower limit for oxygen levels at 1% of PAL, whereas an upper limit of 40% of PAL is inferred from the evidence for anoxic oceans during the Proterozoic. The tighter bounds on atmospheric oxygen from 420 million years ago to the present is set by the fairly continuous